Det är lätt att acceptera om någon påstår att; Förmågan att räkna påverkar hur individen fattar ekonomiska beslut. Medan jag uppfattar att det är svårare för många att acceptera; Förmågan att förstå och kritiskt granska ett meddelande påverkar hur individen fattar beslut. Det är inte självklart att alla kan söka, finna, utvärdera och ta till sig information för att kunna göra för att kunna göra de val som krävs i ett samhälle präglats av just individens fria val.
Finansinspektionen publicerade 2011 en rapport om räknefärdighet och finansiell förmåga. Här testas respondenterna, som var vuxna svenskar, mot ett antal frågor. Bakgrunden är enkel; Det ställs allt större kvar på individen och på hushållen att ta ekonomiska beslut. Hur väl rustade är vanliga hushåll är för att fatta genomtänkta beslut i finansiella frågor? Frågorna återges här nedan:
- Du köper en bok för 85 kr och betalar med 100 kr. Hur mycket växel borde du få?
- En butik har rea och erbjuder då alla sina varor till halva priset. En stol kostar 3000 kr innan rean. Hur mycket kostar den under rean?
- Om sannolikheten att få en sjukdom är 10%, hur många av 1000 personer kan förväntas få sjukdomen?
- En bilhandlare erbjuder en begagnad bil för 60 000 kr. Det är två tredjedelar av vad den kostade som ny. Hur mycket kostade bilen som ny?
- Fem personer vinner ett lotteri och ska dela på vinsten. Om vinsten de ska dela på är 2 miljoner, hur mycket får var och en?
- Anta att du har 200 kr på ett sparkonto. Räntan är 10% om året och sätts in på samma konto. Hur mycket har du på kontot efter två år?
Finansinspektionen fann att det finns stora skillnader mellan olika befolkningsgrupper vad gäller räknefärdighet. Att unga deltagare i underökningen presterar så pass dåligt uppfattar Finansinspektionen som bekymmersamt. Rapporten avslutas med orden;
”Våra resultat understryker också vikten av att inse att kvantitativ information kan uppfattas på olika sätt av olika konsumenter. När information delges på ett sätt som förutsätter god räknefärdighet så är det i praktiken inte särskilt informativt, om konsumenten saknar tillräckliga förutsättningar för att ta till sig informationen.”
Kopplingen mellan matematikkunskaper och informationskompetens är tydlig. Siffror lever inte i ett vakuum. Det är mycket svårt att förklara att det är ”dumt att ta SMS;lån eftersom räntan är 3800 procent” för en person som inte klarar ovanstående, enklare, övningar. En sådan person riskerar att ta beslut som får grava konsekvenser som hon eller han kan man få leva med resten av livet.
Den som inte, med enkelhet, kan hitta, bedöma och kreativt nyttja tillgänglig information har sämre förutsättningar i livet. Det är med informationskompetens som med bristande matematikkunskaper; det är en utslagsgivande faktor i samhället. Skillnader i informationskompetens ger upphov sociala skillnader i samhället.
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